Biodiesel has emerged as a viable alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Production of biodiesel involves transforming vegetable oils or animal fats into a green fuel source. The process typically employs a chemical reaction known as transesterification, where the oil is combined with an alcohol, usually methanol, in the presence of a catalyst.

Alloy powder is a versatile material created through a variety of methods, resulting in a fine particulate form with unique properties. Its characteristics stem from the combination of multiple metals, which can be tailored to achieve specific performance goals. Regularly used alloys include steel, aluminum, and copper-based mixtures, each exhibiti